diff --git a/src/main/java/com/bio/bio_backend/global/exception/GlobalExceptionHandler.java b/src/main/java/com/bio/bio_backend/global/exception/GlobalExceptionHandler.java
index e1ccf03..3b41735 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/bio/bio_backend/global/exception/GlobalExceptionHandler.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/bio/bio_backend/global/exception/GlobalExceptionHandler.java
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
         return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(response);
     }
 
+    // 검증 오류 상세 정보를 위한 내부 클래스
+    private record ValidationError(String field, String message) {}
+
     @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
     public ResponseEntity<ApiResponseDto<Void>> handleException(Exception e) {
         log.error("Unexpected error occurred", e);
@@ -38,7 +41,4 @@ public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
         ApiResponseDto<Void> response = ApiResponseDto.fail(ApiResponseCode.COMMON_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
         return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(response);
     }
-
-    // 검증 오류 상세 정보를 위한 내부 클래스
-    private record ValidationError(String field, String message) { }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/resources/application.properties b/src/main/resources/application.properties
index 1183039..ca3c378 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/application.properties
+++ b/src/main/resources/application.properties
@@ -19,10 +19,15 @@ spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://stam.kr:15432/imas
 spring.datasource.username=imas_user
 spring.datasource.password=stam1201
 spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.postgresql.Driver
+# 운영 환경 변수 설정 필요
+# spring.datasource.url=${DB_URL:}
+# spring.datasource.username=${DB_USERNAME:}
+# spring.datasource.password=${DB_PASSWORD:}
 
 # ========================================
 # JPA/Hibernate 설정
 # ========================================
+# 개발 환경 설정
 spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none
 spring.jpa.open-in-view=false
 spring.jpa.show-sql=false
@@ -30,6 +35,12 @@ spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true
 spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.highlight_sql=true
 spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.use_sql_comments=false
 
+# 배치 처리 설정
+spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.default_batch_fetch_size=100
+spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.batch_size=100
+spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.order_inserts=true
+spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.order_updates=true
+
 # 스키마 생성 설정
 spring.jpa.properties.javax.persistence.schema-generation.scripts.action=create
 spring.jpa.properties.javax.persistence.schema-generation.scripts.create-target=ddl/schema.sql
@@ -83,6 +94,10 @@ decorator.datasource.p6spy.log-format=%(sqlSingleLine)
 token.expiration_time_access=900000
 token.expiration_time_refresh=604800000
 token.secret_key=c3RhbV9qd3Rfc2VjcmV0X3Rva2Vuc3RhbV9qd3Rfc2VjcmV0X3RhbV9qd3Rfc2VjcmV0X3RhbV9qd3Rfc2VjcmV0X3Rva2Vu
+# 운영 환경 변수 설정 필요
+# token.secret_key=${JWT_SECRET_KEY:}
+
+
 
 # ========================================
 # Swagger 설정